John Molinari

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Introduction
Publications

Selected Publications:

Molinari, J., J. Zhang, R.F. Rogers, and D. Vollaro 2019:REPEATED EYEWALL REPLACEMENT CYCLES IN HURRICANE FRANCES (2004). Monthly Weather Review, 147,2009-2022.

Molinari, J., M. Rosenmayer, D. Vollaro, and S. Ditchek 2019:Turbulence Variations in the Upper Troposphere in Tropical Cyclones from NOAA G-IV Flight-Level Vertical Acceleration Data. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 58, 569-583.

Ditchek, S., J. Molinari, K.L. Corbosiero, and R.G. Fovell 2019: An Objective Climatology of Tropical Cyclone Diurnal Pulses in the Atlantic Basin. Monthly Weather Review, 147, 591-605.

Duran, P. and J. Molinari 2019: Tropopause Evolution in a Rapidly Intensifying Tropical Cyclone: A Static Stability Budget Analysis in an Idealized Axisymmetric Framework. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 76, 209-229.

Dougherty, E., J. Molinari, R.F. Rogers, J. Zhang, and J. Kossin 2018: Hurricane Bonnie (1998): Maintaining Intensity during High Vertical Wind Shear and an Eyewall Replacement Cycle. Monthly Weather Review, 146, 3383-3399.

Molinari, J., and D. Vollaro 2018: Development of a One-Month-Long, Westward-Propagating Subtropical Low in Boreal Summer. Monthly Weather Review, 146, 231-242.

Duran, P. and J. Molinari 2018: Dramatic Inner-Core Tropopause Variability during the Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Patricia (2015). Monthly Weather Review, 146, 119-134.

Doyle, J., J. Moskaitis, J. Feldmeier, R. Ferek, M. Beaubien, M. Bell, D. Cecil, R. Creasey, P. Duran, R. Elsberry, W. Komaromi, J. Molinari, D. Ryglicki, D. Stern, C. Velden, X. Wang, T. Allen, B. Barrett, P. Black, J. Dunion, K. Emanuel, P. Harr, L. Harrison, E. Hendricks, D. Herndon, W. Jeffries, S. Majumdar, J. Moore, Z. Pu, R. Rogers, E. Sanabia, G. Tripoli, and D. Zhang, 2017:A View of Tropical Cyclones from Above: The Tropical Cyclone Intensity(TCI) Experiment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, in press.

Molinari, J., and D. Vollaro 2017: Monsoon Gyres of the Northwest Pacific: Influences of ENSO, the MJO, and the PacificJapan Pattern. Journal of Climate, 30, 1765-1777.

Ditchek, S., J. Molinari, and D. Vollaro 2017: Tropical Cyclone Outflow-Layer Structure and Balanced Response to Eddy Forcings. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 74, 133-149.

Duran, P.D., and J. Molinari, 2016: Upper-tropospheric low Richardson number in tropical cyclones: Sensitivity to cyclone intensity and the diurnal cycle. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 73, 545-554.

Nguyen, L., and J. Molinari, 2015: :Simulation of the downshear reformation of a tropical cyclone. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 72, 4529-4551.

Wang, J., K. Young, T. Hock, D. Lauritsen, D. Behringer, M. Black, P.G. Black, J. Franklin, J. Halverson, J. Molinari, L. Nguyen, T. Reale, J. Smith, B. Sun, Q. Wang, and J.A. Zhang, 2015:: A long-term, high-quality, high vertical resolution GPS dropsonde dataset for hurricane and other studies. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96, 961-973.

Romps, D.M., J.T. Seeley, D. Vollaro, and J. Molinari, 2014: Projected increase in lightning strikes in the United States due to global warming. Science, 346, 851-854.

Stevenson, S.N., K.L. Corbosiero, and J. Molinari, 2014: The convective evolution and rapid intensification of Hurricane Earl (2010). Monthly Weather Review, 142, 4364-4380.

Nguyen, L., J. Molinari, and D. Thomas, 2014: Evaluation of tropical cyclone center identification methods in numerical models. Monthly Weather Review, 142, 4326-4339.

Molinari, J., and D. Vollaro, 2014: Symmetric instability in the outflow layer of a major hurricane. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 71, 3739-3746.

Molinari, J., P. Duran, and D. Vollaro, 2014: Low Richardson number in the tropical cyclone outflow layer. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 71, 3164-3179.

Crandall, B., J. Molinari, and D. Vollaro, 2013: Forecasting Challenges Associated with Tropical Cyclones Within Subtropical Gyres. Weather and Forecasting, 29,99-114.

Molinari, J., J. Frank, and D. Vollaro, 2013: Convective bursts, downdraft cooling, and boundary layer recovery in a sheared tropical storm. Monthly Weather Review, 141,1048-1060.

Molinari, J.,and D. Vollaro, 2013: What percentage of western north Pacific tropical cyclones form within the monsoon trough? Monthly Weather Review, 141, 499-505.

Nguyen, L., and J. Molinari, 2012: Rapid intensification of a sheared, fast-moving hurricane over the Gulf Stream. Monthly Weather Review, in press.

Molinari, J., D.M. Romps, D. Vollaro, and L. Nguyen, 2012: CAPE in tropical cyclones. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 69, 2452-2463.

Schreck, C.J. III, J. Molinari, and A. Aiyyer, 2012: A global view of equatorial waves and tropical cyclogenesis. Monthly Weather Review, 140, 774-788.

Molinari, J., and D. Vollaro, 2012: A subtropical cyclonic gyre associated with interactions of the MJO and the midlatitude jet.Monthly Weather Review, 140, 343-357.

Schreck, C.J. III, and J. Molinari, 2011: Tropical cyclogenesis within a Kelvin wave. Monthly Weather Review, 139, 2723-2734.

Schreck, C.J. III, and J. Molinari, 2011: Tropical cyclogenesis Associated with Kelvin Waves and the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Monthly Weather Review, 139, 2723-2734.

Schreck, C.J. III, J. Molinari, and K.I. Mohr, 2011: Attributing tropical cyclogenesis to equatorial waves in the western North Pacific. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 68, 195-209.

Molinari, J., and D. Vollaro, 2010: Rapid intensification of a sheared tropical storm. Monthly Weather Review, 138, 3869-3885.

Molinari, J., and D. Vollaro, 2010: Distribution of helicity, CAPE, and shear in tropical cyclones. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 67, 274-284.

Mohr, K.I., J. Molinari, and C. Thorncroft, 2009: The interannual stability of cumulative frequency distributions for convective system size and intensity. Journal of Climate, 22, 5218-5231.

Schreck, C.J. III, and J. Molinari, 2009: A case study of an outbreak of twin tropical cyclones. Monthly Weather Review, 137, 863-875.

Shelton, K., and J. Molinari, 2009: Life of a six-hour hurricane. Monthly Weather Review, 137, 51-67.

Molinari, J., and D. Vollaro, 2008: Extreme helicity and intense convective towers in Hurricane Bonnie. Monthly Weather Review, 136, 4355­-4372.

Aiyyer, A., and J. Molinari, 2008: MJO and tropical cyclogenesis in the Gulf of Mexico and eastern Pacific: Case study and idealized numerical modeling. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 65, 2691-2704.

Halverson, J. B., M. Black, S. Braun, D. Cecil, M. Goodman, G. Heymsfield, R. Hood, J. Molinari, R. Rogers, C. Velden, D.-L. Zhang, E. Zipser, and R. Kakar, 2007: NASA's Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (TCSP) experiment: Investigating tropical cyclogenesis and hurricane intensity change. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 88, 867-882.

Molinari, J., K. Lombardo, and D. Vollaro, 2007: Tropical cyclogenesis within an equatorial Rossby wave packet. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 64, 1301-1317.

Corbosiero, K.L., J. Molinari, A.R. Aiyyer, and M.L. Black, 2006: The structure and evolution of Hurricane Elena (1985). Part II: Convective asymmetries and evidence for vortex Rossby waves. Monthly Weather Review, 134, 3073-3091.

Raymond, D.L., C. Bretherton, and J. Molinari 2006: Dynamics of the intertropical convergence zone of the east Pacific. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 63, 582-597.

Molinari, J., P. Dodge, D. Vollaro, K.L. Corbosiero, and F. Marks, Jr., 2006: Mesoscale aspects of the downshear reformation of a tropical cyclone. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 63, 341-354.

Heymsfield, G.M., J. Halverson, E. Ritchie, J. Simpson, J. Molinari, and L. Yian, 2006: Structure of the highly sheared Tropical Storm Chantal during CAMEX-4. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 63, 268-287.

Corbosiero, K.L., J. Molinari, and M.L. Black, 2005: The structure and evolution of Hurricane Elena (1985). Part I: Symmetric intensification. Monthly Weather Review, 133, 2905-2921.

Molinari, J., D. Vollaro, and K.L. Corbosiero, 2004: Tropical cyclone formation in a sheared environment: A case study. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 61, 2493-2509.

Aiyyer, A., and J. Molinari, 2003: Evolution of mixed Rossby-gravity waves in idealized MJO environments. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 60, 2837-2855.

Raymond, D.L., G. Raga, C. Bretherton, S. deSzoeke, J. Molinari, C. López-Carrillo, and Z. Fuchs, 2003: Convective forcing in the intertropical convergence zone of the east Pacific. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 60, 2064-2082.

Corbosiero, K., and J. Molinari, 2003: The relationship between storm motion, vertical wind shear, and convective asymmetries in tropical cyclones. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 60, 366-376.

Dickinson, M.J., and J. Molinari, 2002: Mixed Rossby-gravity waves and western Pacific tropical cyclogenesis. Part I: Synoptic evolution. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 59, 2183-2196.

Corbosiero, K., and J. Molinari, 2002: The effects of vertical wind shear on the distribution of convection in tropical cyclones. Monthly Weather Review, 130, 2110-2123.

Hanley, D., J. Molinari, and D. Keyser, 2001: A composite study of the interactions between tropical cyclones and upper-tropospheric troughs. Monthly Weather Review, 129, 2570-2584.

Dickinson, M.J., and J. Molinari, 2000: Climatology of sign reversals of the meridional potential vorticity gradient over Africa and Australia. Monthly Weather Review, 128, 3890-3900.

Molinari, J., and D. Vollaro, 2000: Planetary and synoptic scale influences on eastern Pacific tropical cyclogenesis. Monthly Weather Review, 128, 3296-3307.

Bosart, L.F., C.S. Velden, W.E. Bracken, J. Molinari, and P.G. Black, 2000: Environmental influences on the rapid intensification of Hurricane Opal (1995) over the Gulf of Mexico. Monthly Weather Review, 128, 322-352.

Molinari, J., D. Vollaro, S. Skubis, and M. Dickinson, 2000: Origins and mechanisms of eastern Pacific tropical cyclogenesis: A case study. Monthly Weather Review, 128, 125-139.

Molinari, J., P. Moore, and V. Idone, 1999: Convective structure of hurricanes as revealed by lightning locations. Monthly Weather Review, 127, 520-534.

Molinari, J., S. Skubis, D. Vollaro, F. Alsheimer, and H. Willoughby, 1998: Potential vorticity analysis of hurricane intensification. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2632-2644.

Molinari, J., D. Knight, M. Dickinson, D. Vollaro, and S. Skubis, 1997: Potential vorticity, easterly waves, and tropical cyclogenesis. Monthly Weather Review, 125, 2699-2708.

Vonnegut, B., and J.E. Molinari, 1996: Comments on "The ELDORA/ASTRAIA Airborne Doppler Weather Radar: High-Resolution Observations from TOGA COARE". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77, 2949-2950.

Molinari, J., S. Skubis, and D. Vollaro, 1995: External influences on hurricane intensity: Part III. Potential vorticity structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 3593-3606.

Baker, W.E., G.D. Emmitt, P. Robertson, R.M. Atlas, J. Molinari, D. Bowdle, J. Paegle, R.M. Hardesty, R.T. Menzies, T.N. Krishnamurti, R.A. Brown, M.J. Post, J.R. Anderson, A.C. Lorenc, and J. McElroy, 1995: Lidar measured winds from space: A key component for weather and climate prediction. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 76, 869-888.

Molinari, J., P. Moore, V. Idone, R. Henderson and A. Saljoughy, 1994: Cloud-to-ground lightning in Hurricane Andrew. J. Geophysical Research, 99, 16,665-16,676

Molinari, J., and M. Dudek, 1994: Reply to Zhang et al. Monthly Weather Review, 122, 2232-2233.

Molinari, J., D. Vollaro, and S. Skubis, 1993: Application of the Eliassen balanced model to real-data tropical cyclones. Monthly Weather Review, 121, 2409-2419.

Molinari, J. and M. Dudek, 1992: Cumulus parameterization in mesoscale numerical models: A critical review. Monthly Weather Review, 120, 326-344.

Molinari, J., D. Vollaro, and F. Robasky, 1992: Use of ECMWF operational analyses for studies of the tropical cyclone environment. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 47, 127-144.

Molinari, J., and D. Vollaro, 1990: External influences on hurricane intensity: Part II. Vertical structure and response of the hurricane vortex. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 47, 1902-1918.

Molinari, J., and D. Vollaro, 1989: External influences on hurricane intensity: Part I. Outflow layer eddy angular momentum fluxes. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 46, 1093-1105.

Molinari, J., and S. Skubis, 1988: Calculation of the consistent flux and advective terms from adjusted vertical profiles of divergence. Monthly Weather Review, 116, 1829-1837.

Skubis, S., and J. Molinari, 1987: Angular momentum variation in a translating cyclone. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 113, 1041-1048.

Molinari, J., and M. Dudek, 1986: Implicit versus explicit convective heating in numerical weather prediction models. Monthly Weather Review, 114, 1822-1831.

Molinari, J., and T. Corsetti, 1985: Incorporation of cloud-scale and mesoscale downdrafts into a cumulus parameterization: Results of one- and three-dimensional integrations. Monthly Weather Review, 114, 1822-1831.

Molinari, J., 1985: A general form of Kuo's cumulus parameterization. Monthly Weather Review, 113, 1411-1416.

Molinari, J., and S. Skubis, 1985: Evolution of the surface wind field in an intensifying tropical cyclone. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 42, 2865-2879.

Molinari, J., 1982: A method for calculating the effects of deep cumulus convection in numerical models. Monthly Weather Review, 110, 1527-1534.

Molinari, J., 1982: Numerical hurricane prediction using assimilation of remotely-sensed rainfall rates. Monthly Weather Review, 110, 553-571.