Friday Map Discussion: 23 March 2007

 

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All attachments:  http://www.atmos.albany.edu/student/heathera/mapdisc_03-23-07/

 

Hi Folks,

 

       The focus of Friday map discussion for 23 Mar'07 was on the active tropical cyclone (TC) period in the southern Indian Ocean during the middle part of February 2007. TCs Favio, Gamede, Humba and Indlala plus NoName occurred during this period. At one point four of these disturbances were strung out along a WSW-ENE line across the southern Indian Ocean, leading John McBride to call them a

"beautiful strong of pearls" in a separate post to the tropical-storms bulletin board. On of these "pearls," TC Gamede, proved to be a real "gem" because it established new world-record rainfalls for 3-day through 9-day amounts on the small, mountainous French island of La Reunion located near 21 S and 55 E (~800 km east of Madagascar). Although TC Gamede never struck La Reunion directly (it passed

within 200 km to the NW of the island), outer rainbands associated with the slow-moving storm were over the island for days. I wonder if Louis XV had these future rainfall records in mind during his infamous "rain" when he said "apres moi, le deluge"?

 

    The following imagery is attached:

 

1. IR satellite image and 850 hPa analysis for the Indian Ocean for 1200 UTC 20 Feb'07 that shows the string of pearls, courtesy of John McBride.

 

2. Mean precipitable water, mean and anomalous 850/200 hPa winds for 16-25 Feb'07 over the southern Indian Ocean, and selected Hovmoller diagrams of the 1000/700 hPa meridional wind for Feb'07 (all imagery was derived from the NOAA/CDC interactive web page).

 

3. Selected 850/200 hPa streamfunction, nondivergent wind and relative vorticity analyses centered on the southern Indian Ocean during the period of interest (imagery was derived from the below web link posted by Heather Archambault).

 

        Other imagery (non shown) from the Ron McTaggart-Cowan high-resolution GFS animation builder were also examined (link given

below).

 

        A cursory analysis of the available imagery suggests that:

 

1. The "string of TC pearls" formed along a corridor of 10-day time-mean PW values between 52.5 and 60.0 mm. Caveat: these 10-day time mean PW values are likely influenced by the presence of the TCs.

 

2. The high PW corridor coincides with a band of anomalously strong 850 hPa easterlies that runs from extreme northern Australia WSW to Madagascar and coastal eastern southern Africa.

 

3. Anomalous time-mean 850 hPa cyclonic vorticity is implied along the equatorward side of the anomalously strong aforementioned easterlies.

 

4. A back-of-the-envelope estimate of the 10-day time-mean meridional vorticity gradient suggests that the necessary condition for barotropic instability, a reversal of the sign of the meridional vorticity gradient, occurs in several longitude bands. If this estimate is supported by a more careful calculation then the possibility exists that vortex formation along the band of cyclonic vorticity may have received a boost from barotropic instability.

 

5. The 10-day time-mean 200 hPa winds suggest that the subtropics over the southern Indian Ocean may have been influenced by positively tilted troughs with long tails between 20-60 E and 90-140 E.

 

6. The 10-day time-mean anomalous 200 hPa winds show the existence of a prominent anomalous anticyclonic circulation centered near 30 S and 60 E to the east of the aforementioned higher-latitude trough. A similar, but weaker, anticyclonic circulation is located near 30 S and 110 E. These anticyclonic circulation features suggest the likely importance of tropical heating anomalies on the evolving circulations. Strong (15 m/s) outflow across the equator into the NH is indicated near the coast of eastern Africa. This outflow, likely diabatically driven at least in part, helps to feed the NH subtropical jet.

 

7. The 200 hPa stream function, nondivergent wind and relative vorticity analyses shown for 14, 16 ,19 and 26 Feb'07 indicate that narrow vorticity strips extending westward and equatorward from the equatorward tails of midlatitude troughs appear to interact with some of the TCs during part of their life cycle and also influence the recurvature and likely extratropical transition of one of the TCs toward the end of the period of interest. The extent (if any) to which these PV tails in conjunction with the possible barotropic instability play a role in in situ TC development needs to be investigated.

 

8. Collectively, the 850/200 hPa stream function, nondivergent winds and relative vorticity analyses suggest that any midlatitude influences on TC development (especially Favio) most likely occurred early on between 20-60 E from coastal southeastern Africa eastward to la Reunion and Mauritius islands. Likewise, the signature of the interaction of tropical disturbances with the mountains of Madagascar is readily apparent, beginning with a cold surge up the Mozambique Channel on 14 Feb'07.

 

9. Hovmoller diagrams of the 1000/700 hPa v-wind component between 10-20 S for Feb'07 suggests the existence of two westward-propagating vorticity anomalies that originate east of 110-115 E near 12 and 18 Feb'07, respectively. Both of these westward-propagating disturbances tend to become quasi stationary near 60 and 80 E, respectively, by 24 Feb'07.

 

10. A Hovmoller diagram of 700 hPa heights between 30-40 S for Feb'07 shows the presence of a westward-propagating disturbance that moves from 0 to 50 E between 7-15 Feb'07. Downstream development beginning with a ridge eruption near 70 E on 15 Feb and trough development between 100-120 E on 16-17 Feb is also suggested. The possible connection, if any, between a trough near 85-110 E on 10-11 Feb and the westward-propagating trough between 10-120 S mentioned in 9) needs to be investigated.

 

Lots of bait has been cast. Further "pearls" of wisdom from outraged recipients of this email post are welcome.

                                                                Lance

 

http://www.atmos.albany.edu/student/heathera/atm631.html

 

http://www.atmos.albany.edu/facstaff/rmctc/DTmaps/animSelect.php