Class Summaries, Announcements, and Links:
Find Day
8/298/31
9/5
9/7
9/12
9/14
9/19
9/21
9/26
9/28
10/3
10/5
10/10
10/12
10/17
10/19
10/24
10/26
10/31
11/02
11/07
11/09
11/14
11/16
11/21
11/28
11/30
12/05
12/07
29 Aug 2017
Reading Assignment
Barry and Hall-McKim: Essentials of the Earth's Climate System
~~Ch. 1 (pp. 1-13)
Links
Web: Climate Central NASA 135 years (1880-2014) of Global Warming in 30 seconds: Climate Central Surge in Danger Days Here Comes El Nino: NCAR-UCAR Atmospheric News Arctic Amplification and Winter Cold: NCAR-UCAR Atmospheric News: Top Ten Weather-Climate Stories of 2014: NCAR-UCAR Atmospheric News New York Times: 2014 Warmest Year: Part1 New York Times: 2014 Warmest Year: Part 2 New York Times: How 2016 Became the Earth's Hottest Year on Record New York Times: How Warm was your City in 2016?New York Times: 95 F Degree Days: How Extreme Heat Could Spread Across the World New York Times: How Americans Think About Climate Change, in Six Maps; 21 March 2017
Climate Communication Science and Outreach Climate Prediction Center Forecast Verification Spurious Correlations: Tyler Vigen WeatherBell Analytics ~~Climate Atlas ~~ECMWF 32-Day 51-Member Ensemble Forecast ~~ECMWF Global Temperature Anomaly ~~NCEP Climate System Forecast System V2 (CFS) Climate Reanalyzer: Excellent Source Weather and Climate Data Iowa State University Automated Datas Plotter Earth Real-Time Low-Level Global Winds Visualization EOS 24 August 2017: Giovanni: The Bridge Between Data and Science NASA Giovanni The Bridge Between Data and Science NASA Giovanni User's Guide/Manual Global Temperature Extremes
PRISM Climate Data
Climate Reanalyzer
NASA Global Climate Change
NCEP Weather Prediction Center Surface Map Archive
Alicia Bentley's Global Maps of Minimum SLP and Maximum Precipitable Water: ~~MSLP Minimum (1979-2014): Global View (Year Round) ~~MSLP Minimum (1979-2014): Regional View (Year Round) ~~MSLP Minimum (1979-2014): Regional View (Oct - Mar) ~~PW Maximum (1979-2014): Global View (Year Round) ~~PW Maximum (1979-2014): Regional View (Year Round) ~~PW Maximum (1979-2014): Regional View (Oct - Mar) ~~200-hPa Wind Maximum (1979-2013): Global View (Year Round) NOAA-NCDC Climate Data and Climate Information Links: Home ~~Teleconnections ~~Climate Monitoring ~~State of the Climate ~~Temperature, Precipitation, and Drought ~~Climate at a Glance ~~Bulletin AMS (BAMS) State of the Climate ~~Extremes ~~Sociental Impacts ~~Snow and Ice ~~Global Historical Climate Network (GHCN) ~~Climate Monitoring References A Year in the Life of GOES-13 (2014)
Papers and Articles: Global Precipitation Climatology: Ashouri et al. (2015) Web-based Efficient Access to Climate Products: DeGaetano et al. (2015) Adjustments in there Forcing-Feedback Framework for Understanding Climate Change: Sherwood et al. (2015) Is it global warming or just the weather?: Economist May 2015 The Atacama Surface Solar Maximum: Rondanelli et al. (2015) NOAA Local Climate Analysis Tool (LCAT): Data, Methods, and Usability: Timofeyeva-Livezey et al. (2015) The Changing Character of Precipitation: Trenberth et al. (2003) Spurious Correlations: Tyler Vigen - Science May 2015 State of the Climate: 2014 (BAMS July 2015) IPPC Assessment Reports: Fifth Assessment Report (2013): Main Page ~~The Physical Basis ~~Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability ~~Mitigation of Climate Change ~~Synthesis Report Fourth Assessment Report (2007): Main Page
Presentations: Brian Rose and Daniel Enderton: Looking Back on the Future of Climate Change
31 Aug 2017
Reading Assignment
Barry and Hall-McKim: Essentials of the Earth's Climate System
~~
Links
Web: National Snow and Ice Data Center Satellite Observations of Arctic Change Presidential Briefings on Climate Change Mutually Insured Destruction: New York Times 27 Aug 2013 Arctic Warming May Not be Altering Jet Stream: Climate Central 21 Aug 2013 Cryosphere Today University of Washington Polar Ice Center Plausible Future Temperature Pdfs in a Warmer Climate Albany's Longest Heat Waves NSSL mobile sounding in eyewall of TC Harvey from 0716 UTC 26 Aug 2017; PW = 82.0 mm!
Summary of March 2016 Report on Attribution of Extreme Weather Events; National Academies/BASC
Papers and Articles: Neff et al. (2014): Continental heat anomalies and the extreme melting of the Greenland ice surface in 2012 and 1889 Mutiibwa et al. (2015): Recent spatiotemporal patterns in temperature extremes across conterminous United States Kennedy et al. (2017): Global and Regional Climate in 2016 Bintaja et al. (2013): Important role for ocean warming and increased ice-shelf melt in Antarctic sea-ice expansion
Presentations: Wild Northeast Winter: Mean and Anomalous NH Flow Patterns for 24 January - 16 February 2015
5 Sep 2017
Reading Assignment
Barry and Hall-McKim: Essentials of the Earth's Climate System
~~
Links
Web:
Potential intensity (m/s) for Cat 5 TC Irma 5 September 2017
Kerry Emanuel Hurricane Climatological Potential Intensity Maps
Definition of irradiance: Wikipedia
Definition of a Dobson unit: Wikipedia
21 Aug 2017 total solar eclipse radiation and HRRR and HRRR-X solar radiation
Dan Lindsay CSU 21 Aug 2017 visible satellite loop of total solar eclipse
Article on Earth's Oceans: GOCE
~~Ocean Dynamic Height (cm)
The mean dynamic topography (MDT, in cm) of the world's oceans in the highest resolution ever achieved from space-based data. MDT is calculated by taking the mean sea-surface height measured by satellites like Envisat, and subtracting the gravity model from GOCE. Red areas show where water levels are above the surface of the gravity model, while blue depicts areas where the water is below. From this, scientists calculated the speed of ocean currents. CPC mean and anomalous equatorial ocean temperatures
7 Sep 2017
Reading Assignment
Barry and Hall-McKim: Essentials of the Earth's Climate System
~~
Links
Web:Real-Time Global Winds: earth.nullschool.net (Cameron Beccario)
Real-Time Surface Observations (U.S.): Meso West
Real-Time Surface Winds (U.S.): hint.fm/wind
12 Sep 2017
Reading Assignment
Barry and Hall-McKim: Essentials of the Earth's Climate System
~~
Links
Web:~~NASA Earth Observatory Global Tropical Cyclone Track and Intensity map: 1861–2006
~~McTaggart-Cowan et al. (2006): Analysis of Hurricane Catarina (2004)
~~ Atm 305 Class Climatology Maps (Choose OLR by Season)
~~CPC OLR Anomalies ~~ Atm 305 Class Climatology Maps (Choose PW by Season)
~~ Atm 305 Class Climatology Maps (Choose SST by Season)
~~New York Times: How 2016 Became the Earth's Hottest Year on Record ~~New York Times: How Warm was your City in 2016?
~~New York Times: How Americans Think About Climate Change, in Six Maps; 21 March 2017
~~Pacific Decadal Ossilation: Google image search
~~Article on the PDO: Washington Post
~~Information on the PDO: Wikipedia
~~NOAA NCDC
~~University of Washington: Wikipedia
~~COMET
Papers and Articles: Kushnir et al. (2002): Atmospheric GCM Response to Extratropical SST Anomalies - Journal of Climate Lau (1996): Interactions between Global SST Anomalies and the Midlatitude Atmospheric Circulation - BAMS
14 Sep 2017
~~New York Times: How 2016 Became the Earth's Hottest Year on Record ~~New York Times: How Warm was your City in 2016?
~~New York Times: How Americans Think About Climate Change, in Six Maps; 21 March 2017
~~Pacific Decadal Ossilation: Google image search
~~Article on the PDO: Washington Post
~~Information on the PDO: Wikipedia
~~NOAA NCDC
~~Global Patterns – Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillation
~~Imagery for the Arctic Oscillation
~~Climate Prediction Center Arctic Oscillation (AO)
~~Imagery for the North Atlantic Oscillation
~~Climate Prediction Center Pacific-North America (PNA) Pattern
~~Imagery for the Pacific-North American Pattern
~~Eastern Pacific Oscillation (EPO)
~~Imagery for the Eastern Pacific Oscillation (EPO)
~~University of Washington Pacific Decadal Oscillation: Wikipedia
~~COMET ~~Spurious correlations by Tyler Vigen ~~Plausible Future Temperature PDFs in a Warmer Climate ~~State of the Climate in 2016
Papers and Articles: Kushnir et al. (2002): Atmospheric GCM Response to Extratropical SST Anomalies - Journal of Climate Lau (1996): Interactions between Global SST Anomalies and the Midlatitude Atmospheric Circulation - BAMS
19 Sep 2017
Presentation: Matt Vaughan covering class; Lance is attending the 2017 NWA annual meeting
Using the NOAA ESRL PSD maproom + other climate maps
Web:
NOAA/ESRL/PSD: Map room
~~Plotting&Analysis
~~Monthly/Seasonal Climate Composites
~~~~>Example: 850-hPa Temperature Anomalies for Feb 2015
~~~~>Example: 250-hPa Geopotential Height Anomalies
~~~~>Example: 250-hPa Wind Vectors Anomalies
~~Daily Maps and Composites
~~Time-section Plots: (Hovmollers) ~~~~>Example: 250-hPa Geopotential Height Anomalies
~~Correlations NCDC's Climate Monitoring Page ~~State of the Climate
~~Temperature, Precipitation, and Drought
~~Climate at a Glance
~~Extremes
~~Societal Impacts
~~Snow and Ice
~~Teleconnections
~~Global Historical Climatological Network (GHCN) Monthly
~~Monitoring-References
21 Sep 2017
No class: Rosh Hashanah holiday
26 Sep 2017
Homework #1 due today
~~Probability Density Function ~~NY Times: It's Not Your Imagination. Summers Are Getting Hotter ~~Nate Silver: The Media has a Probability Problem ~~Spurious correlations by Tyler Vigen ~~Plausible Future Temperature PDFs in a Warmer Climate ~~State of the Climate in 2016
28 Sep 2017
Reading Assignment
Barry and Hall-McKim: Essentials of the Earth's Climate System
~~Ch. 6 (Circulation Modes; pp 103-115)
Links
Web:ENSO:
NCEP-CPC ENSO page
ENSO comparison between 1997 and 2015
Teleconnections:
Wikipedia teleconnection definition
AO and NAO
CPC Teleconnection Web Page
NAO: Columbia
NAO: CPC
NAO Images
AO: NCEI
AO: Wunderground
AO: CPC
AO Images
PNA: North Carolina State University
PNA: NCEI
PNA: CPC
PNA Images
AMO: Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation NCAR Climate Guide
AMO: Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation Wikipedia
PDO: North Carolina State University
PDO: COMET
PDO: NCEI
PDO: JISAO - University of Washington
PDO Images
AAO: CPC
AAO: OSS
AAO Images
SOI: North Carolina State University
SOI: NASA
SOI: OSS
SOI: NCAR/UCAR
SOI Images
EPO: CPC
EPO Images
WPO: ESRL/NOAA/PSD
WPO Images
Real-Time NAO/PNA/WPO/EPO Forecasts: NOAA/ESRL/PSD
General Teleconnection Source: Watt's up with that
3 Oct 2017
No class: Cyclone Workshop. Class to be rescheduled5 Oct 2017
Quiz #1
10 Oct 2017
Reading Assignment
Barry and Hall-McKim: Essentials of the Earth's Climate System
~~
Links
Web:Climate Reanalyzer
Arctic Sea Ice Volume Polar Science Center
Arctic Sea Ice News and Analysis
Charctic Interactive Sea Ice Graph – Arctic News and analysis
Arctic Sea Ice Graphs
~~Ice thickness time sereis per year PIOMAS
~~Fig.5 from Perovich et al. (2008)- Time sereis of air temperature (top), snow depth and ice depth (middle), and ocean temp below ice and melt rate (bottom) [Source: Jiping Liu]
World Clock
Kepler's Laws of Motion
Short Version of Kepler's Laws of Motion
~~Youtube Video
The Analemma
Indicies: NAO, PNA, PDO, SOI, AAO
NAO
Difference 300-hPa Heights of of 5 highest and 5 lowest NAO years: DJF
Correlation of 300-hPa Geopotential Height w/ NAO: DJF
Correlation of 300-hPa Geopotential Height w/ NAO: JJA
300-hPa Geopotential Height w/ NAO > 1 sigma: DJF
300-hPa Geopotential Height w/ NAO < -1 sigma: DJF
300-hPa Geopotential Height Anomalies w/ NAO > 1 sigma: DJF
300-hPa Geopotential Height Anomalies w/ NAO < -1 sigma: DJF
Correlation of 850-hPa Temperature w/ NAO: DJF
Correlation of 850-hPa Temperature w/ NAO: JJA
Sea Level Pressure w/ NAO > 1 sigma: DJF
Sea Level Pressure w/ NAO < -1 sigma: DJF
Sea Level Pressure Anomaly w/ NAO > 1 sigma: DJF
Sea Level Pressure Anomaly w/ NAO < -1 sigma: DJF
AO
300-hPa Geopotential Height w/ AO : DJF
300-hPa Geopotential Height w/ AO : JJA
PNA
Difference 300-hPa Heights of of 5 highest and 5 lowest PNA years: DJF
Correlation of 300-hPa Geopotential Height w/ PNA: DJF
Correlation of 300-hPa Geopotential Height w/ PNA: JJA
Correlation of 850-hPa Temperature w/ PNA: DJF
Correlation of Sea Level Pressure w/ PNA: DJF
PDO
Correlation of 300-hPa Geopotential Height w/ PDO: DJF
Correlation of 300-hPa Geopotential Height w/ PDO: JJA
SOI
Correlation of 300-hPa Geopotential Height w/ SOI: DJF
Correlation of 300-hPa Geopotential Height w/ SOI: JJA
Correlation of Sea Level Pressure w/ SOI: DJF
Correlation of 850-hPa Temperature w/ SOI: DJF
AAO
Correlation of 300-hPa Geopotential Height w/ AAO: DJF
Correlation of 300-hPa Geopotential Height w/ AAO: JJA
12 Oct 2017
Reading Assignment
Barry and Hall-McKim: Essentials of the Earth's Climate System
~~Ch. 2 pp. 14-29. (Radiation Basics)
Links
Web:Electromagnetic Spectrum:
~~Blackbody radiation
~~Wikipedia
~~Electromagnetic Spectrum Images
~~Radiation intensity
~~Radiation intensity images
Kirchhoff's Law of Thermal Radiation:
~~Wikipedia
~~Youtube Video
~~Encyclopedia Britannica
Wien's Displacement Law:
~~Hyper Physics Description
~~Google Search
~~Encyclopedia Britannica
Thermal Radiation and the Stefan-Boltzmann Equation:
~~Youtube Video
~~Encyclopedia Britannica
~~Wikipedia
Inverse Square Law:
~~Wikipedia
~~Hyper Physics Description
~~Google Search
Planck's Law:
~~Wikipedia
~~Wolfram Research Description
17 Oct 2017
Reading Assignment
Barry and Hall-McKim: Essentials of the Earth's Climate System
~~Ch. 2 pp. 14-29. (Radiation Basics)
Presentation
OLR Presentation
Links
Web:Example OLR Plot from Geostationary Satellite
Stefan-Boltzmann Law
Daily OLR: NOAA/ESRL
Monthly Mean OLR: NOAA/ESRL
Seasonal OLR Patterns
-OLR: DJF
-OLR: MAM
-OLR: JJA
-OLR: SON
ENSO Impacts on OLR Patterns
-EL Nino OLR: 1983,1998 JFM
-La Nina OLR: 1989,1999 JFM
-Difference El Nino - La Nina: 1983,1998 minus 1989,1999 JFM
-Last Month Mean OLR Anomaly (El Nino-like)
19 Oct 2017
Reading Assignment
Barry and Hall-McKim: Essentials of the Earth's Climate System
~~Ch. 2 pp. 14-29. (Radiation Basics)
Links
Web:Seasonal OLR Patterns
~~OLR: DJF
~~OLR: MAM
~~OLR: JJA
~~OLR: SON
ENSO Impacts on OLR Patterns
~~EL Nino OLR: 1983,1998 JFM
~~La Nina OLR: 1989,1999 JFM
~~Difference El Nino - La Nina: 1983,1998 minus 1989,1999 JFM
~~Last Month Mean OLR Anomaly (El Nino-like)
Precipitable Water Patterns
~~PW 1988-1989: JJA
~~PW 1956-1965: JJA
~~PW 2006-2015: JJA
~~PW Difference (2006-2015) minus (1956-1965): JJA
MJO
Madden Julian Oscillation: CPC/NOAA
~~MJO Summary
~~Wikipedia
24 Oct 2017
Reading Assignment
Barry and Hall-McKim: Essentials of the Earth's Climate System
~~Ch. 2 pp. 14-29. (Radiation Basics)
Links
Web:Precipitable Water Patterns
~~PW 1988-1989: JJA
~~PW 1956-1965: JJA
~~PW 2006-2015: JJA
~~PW Difference (2006-2015) minus (1956-1965): JJA
MJO
~~Madden Julian Oscillation: CPC/NOAA
~~MJO Summary
~~Wikipedia
26 Oct 2017
Exam #1
31 Oct 2017
Reading Assignment
Barry and Hall-McKim: Essentials of the Earth's Climate System
Ch. 3: The Elements of Climate (A Global View of Pressure, Winds, and Storms)
Ch. 6.11: The MJO
Links
Web:Global Sea Surface Temperatures (high resolution): NOAA OSPO
HW#3 Announced; Due date Tuesday 7 November 2017
Tentative date for Exam #2 is Tuesday 28 November 2017
Final exam is scheduled for Thursday 14 December 2017 in ES-232 from 10:30 am to 12:30 pm
Brief review of exam #1
Tropical Teleconnections EOS 27 October 2017
Stan et al. (2017) Review of Tropical-Extratropical Teleconnections on Intraseasonal Time Scales
MJO Continuing discussion of the MJO
Madden Julian Oscillation: CPC/NOAA
~~MJO Summary
~~Wikipedia
~~"The Storm King" (article about The Madden Julian Oscillation): Science Oct 2015
2 Nov 2017
Overview of streamfunction and velocity potential (class notes)
Application of streamfunction and veocity potential concepts to tropical flow patterns
Reading Assignment
Barry and Hall-McKim: Essentials of the Earth's Climate System
Ch. 3: The Elements of Climate (A Global View of Pressure, Winds, and Storms)
Ch. 6.11: The MJO
Links
Web:7 Nov 2017
HW#4 Announced; Due date Tuesday 16 November 2017
Illustrate the differences in maps of 850/200 hPa streamfunction and velocity potential for El Nino vs. La Nina years.
Application of 850/200 hPa streamfunction and velocity potential maps to illustrate MJO structure and propagation.
Streamfunction and velocity potential maps for 850 and 200 hPa
Reading Assignment
Barry and Hall-McKim: Essentials of the Earth's Climate System
Ch. 3: The Elements of Climate (A Global View of Pressure, Winds, and Storms)
Links
Web:Climatological Maps from the Atm 305 Class Home Page
Climatological maps to illustrate streamfunction and velocity potentialJoe D'Aleo post from 5 Nov 2017 on the North Atlantic Hurricane and CONUS Tornado Seasons to Date
2017 North Atlantic Hurricane Season and CONUS Tornado Season – Source: Joe D'Aleo WeatherBellJoe D'Aleo post from 4 Nov 2017 on Northern Hemisphere Teleconnections and ENSO
Northern Hemisphere Teleconnections and ENSO – Source: Joe D'Aleo WeatherBellClimate Prediction Center Definition of the Monthly Oceanic Niño Index (ONI)
CPC ONI definitionClimate Prediction Center Monthly Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) from 1950 to present
CPC monthly values of ONIMJO Information From the Climate Prediction Center
Main Page~~Discussion pdf: MJO Evolution 30 October 2017
ENSO Information From the Climate Prediction Center
Main Page~~Discussion pdf: ENSO Evolution 30 October 2017
9 Nov 2017
Guest lecture by doctoral student Josh Alland; Lance at UCLA.
Overview of the global distribution of tropical cyclones and accumulated cyclone energy (ACE)
Overview of the global distribution of extratropical transition (ET) aka "ET phone home"
PPT: Josh Alland's guest lecture on tropical cyclones and extratropical transition
TC genesis and intensification (especially rapid intensification)
Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) definition from Wikipedia
ACE statistics from Colorado State University
Ophelia (2017) ET from a PV perspective; David Schultz University of Manchester
Ophelia (2017) ET from a SLP/radar perspective; David Schultz University of Manchester
Josh Alland's Moist Static Energy loop
Kowch and Emanuel (2015) Are Special Processes at Work in the Intensification of Tropical Cyclones?
CPC MJO Current Conditions
CPC MJO Weekly Update for 13 Nov 2017
Reading Assignment
Barry and Hall-McKim: Essentials of the Earth's Climate System
Ch. 3: The Elements of Climate (A Global View of Pressure, Winds, and Storms)
Exam #2 is scheduled for Thursday 30 November 2017
PPT: Josh Alland's guest lecture on tropical cyclones and extratropical transition
TC genesis and intensification (especially rapid intensification)
Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) definition from Wikipedia
ACE statistics from Colorado State University
Ophelia (2017) ET from a PV perspective; David Schultz University of Manchester
Ophelia (2017) ET from a SLP/radar perspective; David Schultz University of Manchester
Josh Alland's Moist Static Energy loop
Kowch and Emanuel (2015) Are Special Processes at Work in the Intensification of Tropical Cyclones?
CPC MJO Current Conditions
CPC MJO Weekly Update
CPC ENSO Current Conditions
CPC ENSO Weekly Update
16 Nov 2017
~~Relief Maps for Anywhere in the World
Joe D'Aleo post from 5 Nov 2017 on the North Atlantic Hurricane and CONUS Tornado Seasons to Date
~~ 2017 North Atlantic Hurricane Season and CONUS Tornado Season – Source: Joe D'Aleo WeatherBell~~CPC MJO Current Conditions
~~CPC MJO Weekly Update
~~CPC ENSO Current Conditions
~~CPC ENSO Weekly Update
21 Nov 2017
~~CPC MJO Weekly Update
~~CPC ENSO Weekly Update
Statistical Notes Covering: Wind, Standardization, Correlation, and Regression
~~PPT: Statistics Presentation
~~Southern Oscillation Index (application of Standardized Anomalies): NCDC
~~Global Precipitation Time Series (application of CFDs): CPC
~~Video explaining Least Squares Fit
~~Interactive tool to show how Least Squares Fit Regression Works
~~Correlation Plot Example
~~Regression Plot Example
28 Nov 2017
Reading Assignment
Links
Web:Skewed Temperature Distributions: Scott Runion
~~Full Presentation
Martin, J. E., 2015: Contraction of the Northern Hemisphere, Lower-Tropospheric, Wintertime Cold Pool over the Past 66 Years. J. Clim., 28, 3764-3778. PDF
Anantha Aiyyer's 1000-500 hPa thickness climatology (HDSC - NWS - NOAA)
Protected File: 1000-500 hPa thickness trend over time (Eyad Atallah)
30 Nov 2017
Exam #2
5 Dec 2017
Links
Web:ENSO (1983 and 1998)
500hPa Geopotential Height: JFM (1983)
500hPa Geopotential Height Anomalies: JFM (1983)
500hPa Geopotential Height: JFM (1998)
500hPa Geopotential Height Anomalies: JFM (1998)
Asian Monsoon Climate Maps: Summer Asian Monsoon: ESRL
Global climatology of closed (850/200 hPa) anticyclones (after Galarneau et al. 2008)
High Plains summer drought vs. wet years (1998 vs. 1993)
UK summer drought vs. wet years (1976 vs. 2007)
CONUS record heat: Southwest (June 1994) and Midwest (July 1954)
California wildfires of October 2007
Record Alaskan cold of 16–29 December 1961
7 Dec 2017
Review of Exam #2.
Final exam is scheduled for Thursday 14 December 2017 from 10:30 am to 12:30 pm in ES-232.
Links
NCAR RAL Real-Time Weather DataAlicia Bentley's Real-Time GFS Maps
CPC Global Precipitation Time Series
CPC Global Temperature Time Series
La Reunion Island world record rains
Orographic influences on precipitation
Taiwan (TCs)
~~~~
Relief Map of SE Asia/Taiwan
~~~~
Relief Map of Taiwan
~~~~
Orographic influences on precipitation: Tyhpoons Sepat and Wipha (2007)
Kahasi Hills (Cherrapunji), India
~~~~ Topography of Bangladesh-Regional ~~~~ Topography of Cherrapunji (elevation ~ 1290 m) ~~~~ Cherrapunji Climate - en.allmetsat.com ~~~~World Rainfall Records~~~~Weather Underground World Rainfall Records
Great Southern Plains rains of May 2015 (scroll to bottom)
NASA: A Year in the Life of Earth's CO2
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